Cupule - Auditorium Cave at Bhimbetka, Madhya, Pradesh, India; Venus of Berekhat Ram, Golan Heights, Israel

(It is believed that not all Prehistoric art was created by Homo-Sapiens)

*May approach 130,000 B.C. based on information available through today's methods of archeological evidence and dating procedures.

(May be the First Art Discovered - Created by Homo-Sapiens)

Diagonal Lines on Red Ocher, Awl, Nassarius Shell Beads

Blombos Cave - Tip of South Africa - Piece of Red Ocher with diagonal cross-hatched pattern cut into it - is widely recognized as the oldest known example of abstract and creative thought. It is presumed that communication through articulate speech was conducted. The finely worked bone awls and nassarius shells also attest to this hypothesis.

African Art and Culture - has influenced all of Mankind's endeavors genetically, as well as artistically, and will be represented throughout the timeline.

Cave Art/Painting

Cave paintings are found on every continent with the exception of Antarctica

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( Centuries of Art History )

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Hispanic / Latin American Art - Gris, Miro, Dali, Picasso – These European avant-garde artists influenced the Latin American Art of the twentieth-century by Diego Rivera, Frida Kahlo, Siqueros, Orozco, Gerzso, Aurora Reyes (first female muralista)-all of these artists are from Mexico-Fernando Botero (Columbia), Joaquin Torres-Garcia (Uruguay), Roberto Matta (Chile)

Joaquin Torres Garcia from Uruguay, South America and Manuel Rendón from Ecuador, South America - These artists are remembered for bringing European styles into Latin American painting.

Mexican Muralists - Diego Rivera, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Jose Clemente Orozco and Rufino Tamayo
Diego Rivera-Prominent Mexican painter, muralist, and husband of Frida Kahlo, his large fresco murals helped to establish the Mexican Muralist Movement.

“Abstract Expressionism” – New York, America - the portrayal of emotions not the portrayal of objects

Kandinsky and the artists of “The Blue Rider School” greatly affected the American Abstract Expressionist Movement. Meticulous planning and conscience thought were more evident in the works of these artists.

Two types of “Abstract Expressionism”:

Action Painting – painting to portray action with paint, texture, and movement as expression from their soul and representations of their life energy. Pollock, de Kooning, Kline

Color Field Painting – concerned with color and shape – Rothco, Kelly

Georgia O’Keeffe (American) A major figure in American Art from the 1920s, challenged the boundaries of modern American artistic style, known for painting large flowers, landscapes, rocks and bones from the South West (New Mexico). She transformed her subjects into powerful abstract images using subtle transitions of varying color, played a central role in bringing American style to Europe.

Norman Rockwell (American) America’s most popular twentieth-century Painter/ Illustrator, portrayed realistically detailed, humorous views of Middle America known for his illustrations for the ”Saturday Evening Post” and later for the major events and personalities of the period.

Alexander Calder (American) Prolific American Sculptor and Artist famous for inventing the ‘Abstract Mobile’ also created paintings, toys, jewelry, known throughout the world as the artist who made Sculpture Move

‘Pop Art’ is the abbreviation for “Popular Art” – uses everyday objects to portray elements of popular culture, mainly images from advertising, television, and comics. The term refers to work centered on consumerism and materialism, began in England, and dismissed abstract painting as elitist and shattered the divide between Commercial Art and Fine Art.

The Double Helix – the twisted-ladder structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick. This milestone in the history of science led to the field of modern molecular biology, and to an understanding of the genetic code and protein synthesis. The double helix, which has transformed biology, has become a cultural icon, represented in the arts as sculpture, visual art, and jewelry art. A female scientist, who contributed greatly to the discovery structure of DNA, was Rosalind Franklin. She passed away from ovarian cancer in 1958, four years before the Nobel Prize was awarded to her co-worker Wilkins, Watson, and Crick.

‘Photo Realism’evolved from ‘Pop Art’ as a counter to Abstract Expressionism in the United States. A Photo-Realist uses a photograph or several photographs to create a painting, a mechanical or semi-mechanical means is used to transfer information to the canvas.

Conceptual Art, Performance Art, Feminist Art – a type of performance or ”happening” that can be spontaneous and audience-driven.

Feminist Art is linked with Conceptual Art in that it focuses on the inequalities faced by women and tries to provoke change.

"Graffiti" / "Street Art" - The name given to imagery or lettering that is scratched, painted, or marked in any manner, usually, in a public place, from written words to elaborate colorful wall paintings, reminiscent of 1960s popular culture. Its roots possibly dating back to prehistoric times on Cave Walls, by the use of handprints, to Ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome, then, into the forefront of Modern Art, using spray paint, regular paint, and markers. This art form seems to be a common denominator providing these artists with an outlet to colorfully express their feelings of rebellion, repression, prejudice, and isolation; in many instances it has acted as a stepping stone to developing a career in the fine arts and commercial arts industries.

Keith Haring (1958-90) Amer. PA, Basquiat (1960-88) Amer. NY (Neo-Expressionist),
Scharf (1958-  ) Amer. CA/NY

More recent Graffiti artists - Taki 183, Dondi, Duro One, Chalfant, Lady Pink, FCEE

Computer/Digital Art /New Media Art – are general terms for a range of artistic works where an artist uses digital technology as an essential part of the creative and presentation process. It began in the 1970’s and became widespread toward the end of the twentieth century with the availability of computers, software, video equipment, sound mixers, and digital cameras. Such art can be an image, sound, animation, video, videogame, web site, algorithm, performance, or gallery installation.

Installation Art – is an artistic genre of three dimensional works that are often site-specific, can be temporary or permanent, and designed to transform a viewer’s perception of a space, has roots as early as Duchamp and his “Readymades”

Contemporary Art – Art produced at this present point in time.

Chuck Close (1940 -  ) American – Photo-Realist, paints grid work copies of photos